Hair waving apparatus



R. M, KEELE HAIR WAVING APPARATUS LQMS Filed March l0, 1934 ssheets-sheet 1 'E i6 A 25 if INVENTOR f6 ,Qa/,oh M. Kee/e ATTORNEY mec.lg, 934. R M KEELE HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed March 10, 1934 3sheets-sheet 2 INVENTOR @c7/ph /1//2 e e/e BY 09ml;

Dec.. 18, 1934. R. M. KEELE 399349585 HAIRWAVING APPARATUS Filed March1o, 1954 s -sheets-sheet 5 ATTORNEY W A A E 7 k n l 9 7 7\\ a o A A .A N4A. M A im, Mll A AA a 1 @J E@ A Patented Dec. 18, k 1934 UNITED STATESPATENT oFFlcE HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Application March 10,

12 Claims.

This invention relates generally to apparatus for the permanent wavingof human hair, wherein the strands of hair are Wound upon waving formsor curlers and permanency is imparted to the wave by a heatingoperation.

In apparatus of the above character, it has been conventional practiceto utilize electrical devices which are applied over the waving forms orcurlers for a heating operation. While apparatus of this character hasmet with wide commercial success and is commonly utilized in beautyparlors, injury to the hair sometimes results from prolonged heating orfrom heating to an undue degree. In place of such electrical heaters, ithas been proposed to enclose the waving forms or curlers in jackets orcontainers into which steam is introduced from a suitable vaporizer orboiler. In such event the steam or like fluid furnishes the requisiteheat for imparting permanency to the wave, and opportunities ofinjuringthe hair are minimized, because it is diilicult, if notimpossible, to heat to the point of dryness, and because the temperatureof heat treatment can be denitely limited. Such apparatus has not beenplaced in general usage, which I attribute to the fact that -the metalsteam jackets previously utilized have been diicult to manipulate by theaverage operator, and burning and general discomfort to the subject havebeen common. Likewise, the metal steam jackets previously utilized havenot made it possible to employ prevailing forms of curlers andprotectors, as for example the croquignole protector and curler unitswhich are now commonly utilized with electrical heaters.,

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved hairwaving apparatus of the type last described, that is, an apparatus whichimparts heat to the Wound hair by applying steam or like fluid. Theinvention is characterized by a simple and effective jacket and a holderfor the same which serve to apply steam to the wound hair, which can bereadily manipulated by an operator without danger or discomfort to thesubject, and which are well adapted for use with prevailing types ofcurlers and protectors. e

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved assembly ofapparatus which will enable proper application of steam or like fluidfor heating the wound hair, and will avoid dripping of hot condensate.In this connection, the invention yis characterized by a novel form ofmoisture-absorbing pad which is applied over the wound hair. f

1934, Serial No. 714,926

Further objects of the invention will appear from the followingdescription in which the preferred embodiments of the invention havebeen set forth in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.5

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. l is a side elevational view, showing my heating device applied toa curler extending parallel to the scalp, as in croquignole waving.

Fig. 2 is an end view of the structure shown in Fig. l.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail taken along the line 3--3of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4. is a half cross-sectional detail, showing the construction ofthe resilient rubber jacket utilized with the heating device of Figs. lto 3 inclusive.

p Fig. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail, taken along the line5--5 of Fig. l, but omitting a showing of the curler and the protector.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail, showing one manner for detachably securingthe rubber jacket to the holder therefor.

Fig. 7 is a side elevational view, showing a modication of theinvention, for use with a pro- 25 tector and curler assembly of the typedisclosed in my Patent No. 1,887,556 of November 15, 1932.

Fig. 8 is an end view of the assembly shown in Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail taken along the line 9-9 ofFig. 7.

Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional detail taken along the line lll-l0 of Fig.7, but omitting showing of the curler and the protector.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail taken along the line 11-11of Fig. 7, but likewise omitting showing of the curler and theprotector.

Fig. l2 is a side elevational View showing further modication of theinvention as applied to spiral waving.

Fig. 13 is an enlarged. cross-sectional view taken along the line 13-13of Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail taken along the line 14-14of Fig. 12. 45

Fig. 15 is a plan view of the absorbing pad shown in Figs. 1 to 6inclusive.

Referring rst to Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive', the apparatus shown thereinconsists generally of a protector 10 which is utilized in conjunctionwith a curler l1. The protector is similar to that utilized inconventional croquignole waving, and consists of a pair ofrubber-covered clamping bars 12 and 13 which are pivotally connectedtogether by link 14. The free ends of these clamping bars are adapted tobe urged together upon a strand of hair by locking means including thecam lever 16. Upright end posts 17 are carried by the protector and areslotted to receive the curler 11. The curler generally incorporatesclutching or ratcheting means whereby, after being placed upon theprotector, it can be turned by a wrench or other suitable tool fortensioning the wound hair. Underlying the protector there is a suitableheat-insulating shield 18, as for example the shield disclosed andclaimed in my Patent No. 1,937,041, of November 28, 1933.

In utilizing apparatus such as just described, the shield 18 is rstapplied to a strand of hair, the protector 10 is then clamped upon thebase of the strand, and the projecting fiat portion of the strand isthen wound upon the curler, beginning with the tip of the strand andwinding toward the protector. The curler is then placed upon theprotector and, by further turning, the wound strand is tensioned.

The heating device illustrated in Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, is in twoparts, consisting of a jacket for enclosing the curler and the woundhair, and a holder for the jacket. Preferably, the jacket is detachablewith respect to the holder, to permit occasional replacement The jacket19, which is illustrated, is formed of a single piece of resilientvulcanized rubber. It is generally cylindrical in form, with its lowerside interrupted longitudinally to aflord the opposed resilient edges21. The end portions 22 of the jacket are of reduced internal diameter,to iit about the end portions of the curler. The intermediate portion 23is of enlarged internal diameter, to aiord a steam chamber 24,substantially surrounding the wound hair (Fig. 3). It will be noted thatthe internal circumference oi' the portions 22 are somewhat eccentricwith respect to the internal circumference of the intermediate portion23. This is for the reason that it is desirable to maintain the edgeportions 21 substantially linear and of substantially the same thicknessthroughout the length of the jacket. Formed integrally with the walls ofthe jacket are hollow rubber nipples 26, by means of which steam can beintroduced into and discharged from the jacket.

The holder, which is designated generally at 27, can be variouslyconstructed, but serves as a mounting for the jacket and as a means forenabling proper application of the jacket to the curler. Thus, in thedetail illustrated the holder consists of a pair of metal members 28pivotally connected together by pin 29. Portions 31 are adapted to bedisposed upon opposite sides of the jacket, and have a widthsubstantially equal to the length of the jacket. Upward extensions ofmembers 28 afford nger-hold portions 32. A spring 33 serves to normallyurge the portions 31` together.

A suitable means for attaching the lower edge of portions 31 with therubber jacket is shown in Figs. 5 and 6. In this instance, the loweredges of portions 31 are provided with spaced slots 36, connecting withenlarged opening 37. Formed on the outer sides of the jacket, andadjacent the opposed edges 21, are the integral rubber buttons 38. Eachof these buttons consists of a shank 39, a web 41 of reduced thickness,and an overlying head or ilange 42. In attaching a rubber jacket to aholder, the shanks 39 are distorted by compression and forced throughthe slots 36. Expansion of the shanks within openings 36 thereuponretains the jacket in proper position until suillcient force has beenapplied to the jacket to eilect its removal.

'I'he heating device described above is utlliud as Iol1ows:-Assumingthat a strand of hair has been wound upon curler 11 and is properlytensioned, the wound hair is moistened with a suitable waving solution.A pad 43 of moisture-absorbing material, such as flannel, is thenapplied over the curler, and a heating device is then applied on top ofthe pad. In applying the heating device the operator ilrst forces theilngerhold portions 32 together in order to spread the jacket. After thejacket has been placed in a position to embrace the curler, linger-holdportions 32 are released to permit spring 33 to urge the lower edges 21into close proximity with each other on opposite sides of the strand oihair extending between the protector and the curler (Fig. 3). Themoisture-absorbing pad 43 is preferably of sufficient length that itsend portions 43a extend for a substantial distance beyond the jacket andthe protector, as shown in Fig. 3. A steam tube 45, connected to asuitable boiler or vaporizer, is then connected to one of the nipples26.

As steam enters the jacket through tube 45, at about atmosphericpressure, the wound hair is rapidly heated to an elevated temperature.During the initial stage of the heating operation, a considerable amountof the heat is released by virtue of the condensing o! the steam. Steamnot condensed is permitted to pass out into the atmosphere, eitherthrough the open nipple 26 or from the ends ot the jacket. Condensate issubstantially entirely absorbed by the pad 43, including the wickportions of the pad which are outside the jacket, as well as theportions in contact with the wound hair. Thus, although there is notight seal between the ends of the jacket and the curler, or between thelower edges 21 of the jacket, there will be no drippage of hotcondensate to the discomfort of the subject. If drippage should occurfrom the corners or edges of the projecting pad portions 43a, it hasrlrst had an opportunity to cool to such a degree as to be harmless. Inthis connection, it is desirable to form the ends of the pads as shownin Fig. 15, to afford end tabs 43h from which anyy unabsorbed condensatemay drip.

I have found that with steam heating such as described above there is noinjury to the hair should the heating be unduly prolonged. Therefore, intreating an entire head o! hair, all of the heating devices can besupplied with steam for the same period of time, irrespective of'varying amounts of hair upon the different curlers. I have also foundthat a superior form of wave results which can be readily set, due,presumably, to the absence of drying-out of the hair near the end of theheating operation.

In the modiilcation of. Figs. 7 to l1 inclusive, the protector 46 andthe curler assembly incorporate the invention disclosed and claimed inmy Patent No. 1,887,558. Thus, in this case, two curlers 47 and 48 aredisposed one above the,

other and carried by the slotted protector posts" 49. The jacket 51 ofthe heating device is likewise formedentirely of resilient rubber. butis -oval in cross-section in order to amply embrace the curlers. The endportions 5260i the jacket have internal surfaces 53 and 54 which areadapted to fit upon'the ends of the curlers. The

intermediate jacket portion 56 has an internal contour to afford thesteam space 57. The nipples 58 are formed upon opposite sides of thejacket for iniiow and discharge of steam. The holder 59 for the jacketis formed generally similar to the holder illustrated in Figs, 1, 2 and3,

except that the lower opposed portions. 61 are apertured to accommodatenipples 58. The holder is also shown detachably secured to the jacket inthe same manner as described with respect to Figs. 1, 2 and 3. Thisdevice is utilized similarly to the device of Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive,the moisture-absorbing pad 62, however, being considerably longer toproperly embrace the two curlers.

In Figs. 12 to 14 inclusive there is shown a modiflcation of theinvention suitable for use in spiral waving. As is well known, in spiralwaving a bunched strand of hair is wound helicoidally about an elongatedwaving form, and during a heating operation the curler extendssubstantially perpendicular to the head. In Figs. 12 and 13 aconventional spiral waving curler is shown at 63, and a strand of hairwound upon thisV curler extends upwardly through a clamping device orprotector 64, below which there is a suit- K able heat-insulating shield66. The heating de- `vice consists of a jacket 67, tubular in form, and

made entirely of resilient vulcanized rubber. The lower portion of thisjacket is provided with slots 68, thus aiording a pair of opposed,exible wall portions 69. Connecting with the intermediate portion of thejacket there is a rubber nipple 70 for inflow of steam. -The holder 71consists of a pair of concave metal members 72 which have pivotalconnections 73. The lower ends of members 72 have a suitable attachment74 with the lower edges of the resilient wall portions 69. Upwarddivergent extensions of members 72 form linger-hold portions 76 formanipulating the holder. Suitable springs 77 are associated with thepivotal connections 73, for normally urging the lower ends of members 72together.

The modification of Figs. 12 to 14 inclusive is utilized asfollowsz-After a strand of hair has been applied to the curler, it iswrapped with moisture-absorbing material 78, such as annel. The operatorthen applies the heating device by forcing finger-hold portions 76together to spread ,y the lower part of the jacket, after which ythe f,'jacket is slipped over the curler and the wound strand. After thejacket has been properly positioned upon the holder, the finger-holdportion 76 is released, thus permitting the lower part of the jacket tobe contracted about or imrndiately below the lower end of the curler.Steam is then applied to the nipples 70 in the same manner as has 'beenpreviously described. The opening 79 in the upper end of the jacket isof sufficient size to permit venting of steam to the atmosphere. Thelower skirt 78a for the moisture absorbing material serves as a wick inabsorbing condensate.

I claim:

1. In permanent hair waving apparatus, a one-piece jacket formedentirely of resilient vulcanized rubber and adapted to be applied abouta waving form to provide a steam chamber, one wall of said jacket havingan opening for iniow of steam.

' 2. In permanent hair waving apparatus, a jacket adapted to be appliedabout a waving form, said jacket having exible walls -formed ofresilient rubber, one wall of said jacket having an opening therein forinflow of steam, and a 3 holder to which -said jacket is attached, saidholder including a pair of opposed relatively movable members, saidmembers being attached to said flexible walls.

3. In permanent hair waving apparatus, a jacket adapted to be appliedabout a waving form, said jacket being formed of a single'integral pieceof resilient rubber, and a holder to which said jacket is detachablysecured, said holder including opposed relatively movable memberssecured to opposed wall portions of the jacket.

4. In permanent hair waving apparatus, a jacket formed with two flexiblewalls formed of resilient material and adapted to be spread apart, saidjacket being formed to aiord an opening for inflow of steam, a holderincluding two opposed relatively movable members normally urgedtogether, and means for attaching said members to the flexible walls ofthe jacket.

5. A heating device for use in permanent waving in conjunction with acurler upon which a strand of hair is wound, said device comprising ajacket formed of resilient rubber, and including two opposed flexiblewalls capable of flexing to facilitate application of the `jacket aboutthe curler, said jacket lbeing formed to afford an opening for inilow ofsteam, a holder including two opposed relatively movable membersnormally urged together, and means for attaching said members to theflexible walls of the jacket.

6. A heating device for use in permanent hair waving in conjunction witha curler upon which a strand of hair is wound, a jacket formed ofresilient rubber and including two opposed ilexible walls capable offlexing to facilitate application of the jacket about the curler, saidjacket being formed to aord an opening for inow of steam, a holderadapted to embrace the jacket and including two opposed relativelymovable members normally urged together, and means for attaching saidmembers to the flexible walls of the jacket.

7. In a heating device for use in permanent hair waving, in conjunctionwith a protector which is clamped about a strand of hair and a curlerwhich is disposed adjacent the protector and parallel thereto; aone-piece jacket of resilient material adapted to embrace the curler,the jacket having two opposed longitudinal edges adapted to beinterposed between the curler and the protector and on opposite sides ofthe hair strand extending from the protector to the curler, said jacketbeing formed to aiford an opening for inflow of steam, and a holdercomprising two opposed relatively movable members normally urgedtogether, the members of said holder said longitudinal edges.

8. In heating means for use in permanent waving in conjunction with a.curler of the spiral type, a jacket of resilient rubber adapted to slipover the curler and the hair wound thereon, said jacket having anopening formed therein for iniiow of steam, and means forming a holderfor the jacket adapted to spread one end of the same.

9. In heating means for use in permanent waving inconjunction with acurler of the spiral type, a jacket of resilient rubber adapted to slipover the curler and the hair wound thereon, said vjacket' having anopening formed therein for inflow of steam, said jacket also havinglongitudinal slits formed in its one end portion to provide a pluralityof flexible wall portions, a

holder comprising a plurality of relatively mbvable members normallyurged toward each other, and means for attaching said members to saidwall portions: A

10. In a heating device for use in permanent hair waving, in conjunctionwith a protector which is clamped about a strand of hair and a curlerwhich is carried by the protector and parallel thereto; a one-piecejacket formed entirely ci resilient rubberadapted to removably embracethe curler with the ends of the curler extending from the ends of thejacket, the jacket having two opposed longitudinal edges adapted to beinterposed between the curler and the protector and on opposite sides ofthe hair strand extending from the protector to the curler to seal thejacket around the curler and form a steam chamber, said jacket beingformed to af ford an opening for inflow of steam.

11. In a heating device for use in permanent hair waving, in conjunctionwith a protector which is clamped about a strand of hair and a curlerwhich is adapted to be carried by the protector and parallel thereto; ajacket adapted to embrace the curler with the ends of the curlerextending from the ends of the jacket, the jacket having two opposedlongitudinal edges of resilient material adapted to be interposedbetween the curler and the protector and on opposite sides of the hairstrand extending from the protector to the curler to seal the jacketaround the curler and form a steam chamber, said jacket being formed toaord anV opening for iniiow of steam, and spring-biased means for urgingsaid longitudinal edges together upon the hair strand extending from thecurler to the protector..c

12. In aieating device for use in permanent hair waving, in conjunctionwith a protector which is clamped about a strand of hair and a curlerwhich is adapted to be carried by the protector and parallel thereto, ajacket adapted to embrace the curler with the ends of the curlerextending from the ends of the jacket, the jacket having two opposedlongitudinal edges adapted to be interposed between the curler and theprotector and on opposite sides of the hair strand extending from theprotector to the curler, said jacket being formed to aiord an openingfor inflow of steam and the inner wall of the jacket being recessed toform' a steam iiow space communicating with said opening, andspring-biased means for urging said longitudinal edges together upon thehair strand 'extending from the protector to the curler.

RALPH M. KEELE.

CTI

